Massive geothermal emissions have also been described as a possible cause of CO 2 intoxications, though in these cases, a relation with other toxic gasses inhaled might not be excluded. Dry ice intoxication might be accidental or deliberately as several suicide cases have been described. Dry ice undergoes sublimation (direct conversion from a solid state into a gas), and if it is warmed rapidly, large amounts of CO 2 are generated, which is especially dangerous in closed environments. Other causes of carbon dioxide intoxication have been identified as well, such as dry ice. At high concentrations, it has been showed to cause unconsciousness almost instantaneously and respiratory arrest within 1 min. Ĭarbon dioxide does not only cause asphyxiation by hypoxia but also acts as a toxicant. Unfortunately, the number of killed rescuers has risen to two thirds of those deaths. A recent study of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 2015 still estimated the number of deaths involving confined spaces to be around 90 per year. Studies conducted in the 1980s showed that there were 89 deaths per year in the USA alone, during work in confined spaces 22% occur during rescue efforts. The term “confined space hypoxic syndrome” has been proposed to describe confined space accidents occurring in water meter pits, tanks, holds of ships, mines, underground storage bins, and so forth, resulting from oxygen-deficient atmospheres. These characteristics explain why enclosed environments are vulnerable for CO 2 buildup, displacing oxygen from the area. It is a colorless, odorless, and nonflammable gas that accumulates near the ground (CO 2 is 1.5 times heavier than air). ![]() In normal room air, carbon dioxide percentages are very low (around 0.04%). All rights reserved.Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is a product of combustion, fermentation, and respiration. ![]() Prolonged mechanical ventilation is therefore advisable in morbidly obese patients.Ĭopyright © 2012 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. However, after pneumoperitoneum, the return to a normal total exhaled carbon dioxide per minute required a longer period in the morbidly obese group. The results of our study have shown that the load of carbon dioxide insufflated is well tolerated in morbidly obese patients, as well as in normal patients, with proper intraoperative ventilation adjustments. After desufflation, the total exhaled carbon dioxide per minute returned more rapidly to the baseline values in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy group than in the morbidly obese group (17.4 ± 6.2 and 24.1 ± 8.3 min, respectively). In the laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients, a definite plateau in the total exhaled carbon dioxide per minute was observed within 20 minutes from the start of pneumoperitoneum but not in the morbidly obese patients. The total exhaled carbon dioxide per minute increased by the same percentage in both groups (around 20%). The arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide, total exhaled carbon dioxide per minute, and arterial blood gas analysis were obtained at 10-minute intervals, along with other cardiorespiratory parameters. The minute ventilation was adjusted to maintain a normal arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and normal end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide throughout surgical procedures. The data from 25 patients with a body mass index of 47.7 ± 5.5 kg/m2 undergoing laparoscopic gastric mini-bypass were compared with the data from 25 normal weight patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The setting was a university hospital in Italy. ![]() The purpose of the present study was to examine carbon dioxide homeostasis using a metabolic monitor in morbidly obese and normal weight patients during laparoscopic surgical procedures. Hypercapnia can result from carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum and adversely affect the postoperative period, particularly in morbidly obese patients.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |